N-Octyl pyrrolidone CAS 2687-94-7

Description

N-Octyl pyrrolidone (NOP), CAS 2687-94-7, is a specialty chemical belonging to the class of N-alkylated lactams. It is an N-substituted derivative of 2-pyrrolidone, featuring an eight-carbon alkyl chain (octyl group) attached to the nitrogen atom. This structure gives N-Octyl pyrrolidone unique properties, including excellent solvency for a wide range of materials, surface activity (acting as a surfactant and wetting agent), and good chemical and thermal stability. It is characterized by its ability to reduce surface tension, improve wetting of hydrophobic surfaces, and act as a powerful solubilizer. These attributes make it a versatile ingredient in various industrial, agricultural, and institutional applications, though less commonly directly in finished pharmaceutical drug products, it might be used in processing or as an excipient in some topical formulations.

Properties

Property	Value
CAS Number	2687-94-7
Chemical Name	1-Octyl-2-pyrrolidinone; N-Octyl-2-pyrrolidone
Molecular Formula	C12​H23​NO
Molecular Weight	197.32 g/mol
Appearance	Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor	Mild, fatty, or amine-like
Boiling Point	Approximately 305−307∘C (decomposes slightly); 170−172∘C at 13 mmHg
Freezing/Melting Point	Approximately −25∘C to −30∘C
Density	Approximately 0.915 – 0.925 g/mL at 20∘C or 25∘C
Viscosity	Approximately 9 – 12 mPa·s at 25∘C
Surface Tension	Low (e.g., around 30 mN/m for a 0.1% aqueous solution)
Solubility	Sparingly soluble in water; soluble in many organic solvents (e.g., alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents)
Flash Point	Approximately 140−146∘C (Closed Cup)
Purity/Grades	Typically available in industrial or technical grades (e.g., >98%, >99%)
Stability	Good thermal and chemical stability under normal conditions; hydrolytically stable.

Usage

N-Octyl pyrrolidone is a versatile specialty chemical with a range of industrial applications due to its solvent, surfactant, and wetting properties:

• Industrial & Institutional Cleaners: Acts as a powerful solvent, wetting agent, and hydrotrope in hard surface cleaners, degreasers, and stripping formulations. It helps to remove tough soils and greases.
  • Example: Component in heavy-duty industrial degreasers and floor stripping solutions.
• Agrochemical Formulations: Used as a solvent, co-solvent, or adjuvant (e.g., wetting agent, penetrant) in pesticide formulations (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides) to improve their efficacy and stability.
  • Example: Enhancing the spreading and penetration of herbicides on plant leaves.
• Coatings, Inks, and Dyes: Functions as a solvent, dispersant for pigments, flow and leveling aid, or coalescing agent in various coating and ink systems.
  • Example: Additive in industrial coatings to improve surface wetting and pigment dispersion.
• Electronics Industry: Utilized in cleaning solutions for electronic components, photoresist stripping, and other precision cleaning applications due to its strong solvency and low surface tension.
  • Example: Ingredient in cleaning formulations for semiconductor manufacturing.
• Oil & Gas Industry: Can be used in formulations for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), as a solvent in pipeline cleaning, or in drilling mud formulations.
• Textile Processing: Employed as a wetting agent, scouring agent, or dyeing assistant in textile manufacturing.
  • Example: Assisting in the even application of dyes to fabrics.
• Polymer Processing: Can act as a solvent or processing aid in the production or handling of certain polymers.
• Pharmaceutical Applications (Limited): While not a primary active pharmaceutical ingredient, it might be used as a solubilizer or penetration enhancer in some topical or transdermal pharmaceutical formulations, or as a specialty solvent in pharmaceutical processing, though this is less common than its industrial uses.

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