Description
Pyridoxal-5-phosphate monohydrate (P5P) is the active, coenzyme form of Vitamin B6. It plays a crucial role in a wide array of enzymatic reactions within the body, primarily related to amino acid metabolism. This includes processes like transamination, decarboxylation, and racemization. As an essential biomolecule, P5P is vital for the synthesis of neurotransmitters (such as serotonin, dopamine, and GABA), the formation of heme in hemoglobin, and the metabolism of glycogen. The “monohydrate” designation indicates that each molecule of Pyridoxal-5-phosphate is associated with one molecule of water. It is widely used in dietary supplements, pharmaceutical preparations, and biochemical research.
Properties
Property Value Chemical Name Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate monohydrate Synonyms P5P, PLP, Codecarboxylase monohydrate CAS Number 41468-25-1 Molecular Formula C8H10NO6P·H2O (or C8H12NO7P) Molecular Weight 265.16 g/mol Appearance Pale yellow to light yellow crystalline powder Solubility Soluble in water Form Biologically active coenzyme form of Vitamin B6 Usage
Pyridoxal-5-phosphate monohydrate is utilized in various applications due to its biological significance:
- Dietary Supplements: As a readily absorbable and active form of Vitamin B6, it is used in nutritional supplements to support overall health, particularly nerve function, metabolism, and red blood cell formation. It is often preferred for individuals who may have difficulty converting other forms of Vitamin B6 into its active P5P form.
- Pharmaceutical Applications: It is investigated and used in certain medical conditions, including some forms of anemia (like sideroblastic anemia), certain types of seizures (pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy), and neuropathies where Vitamin B6 deficiency or supplementation is indicated.
- Research and Diagnostics: P5P is a critical reagent in biochemical and clinical research, used in enzyme assays, studies of metabolic pathways, and as a component in cell culture media.
- Food Fortification: Sometimes used to fortify foods with an active form of Vitamin B6.
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